Akhtar, K.P. and Shah, T.M. and Atta, B.M. and Dickinson, M. and Hodgetts, J. and Khan, R.A. and Haq, M.A. and Hameed, S.
(2009)
Symptomatology, etiology and transmission of chickpea phyllody disease in Pakistan.
Journal of Plant Pathology , 91 (3).
pp. 649-653.
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Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants of two types, kabuli
and desi, showing phytoplasma disease-like symptoms
were observed for the first time in Pakistan during 2005.
The major symptoms were floral virescence, phyllody and
extensive proliferation of the branches. Light microscopy
of hand-cut sections of symptomatic stems treated with
Dienes’ stain showed blue areas in the phloem region of
diseased plants but not in apparently normal ones. Phytoplasma-
like pleomorphic bodies were observed in the
sieve cells of symptomatic chickpea stems by transmission
electron microscopy, but not in the sieve tubes of
healthy plants. Amplification from diseased plants of a
16S rDNA fragment 1800 bp in size with phytoplasma
primers P1 and P7, confirmed that they hosted a phytoplasma.
RFLP profiles and complete sequencing of the
R16F2n/R16R2 region showed that the associated phytoplasma
had 100% sequence identity in this rDNA region
to 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasmas. Chickpea phyllody
disease was transmitted from diseased to healthy chickpea
plants by grafting and through the leafhopper Orosius
orientalis. Sap inoculation trials were unsuccessful
and transmission by Aphis craccivora, Myzus persicae, Empoasca
devastans and an unidentified brown leafhopper
failed to produce disease symptoms
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