Lin, H.S. and et al, .
(2012)
Genetic diversity in the foxtail millet (Setaria italica) germplasm as determined by agronomic traits and microsatellite markers.
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6 (2).
pp. 342-349.
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Abstract
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. is a model plant that attracts international attention, which is the second most widely cultivated species
of millet, especially in East Asia. It has the longest history of cultivation among the millets, having been grown in China since
sometime in the sixth millennium BC. It also has been a main crop of the indigenous people of Taiwan for a long time. However,
insufficient researches had been conducted about the foxtail millet germplasm in Taiwan. To assess the genetic diversity of millet
population, a total of 324 landraces of foxtail millet were collected from around Taiwan, and four years of field researches were
conducted for agronomic traits observation. The genetic diversity of the millet population was measured using 33 agronomic traits
and 40 microsatellite markers. Average number of alleles (2.4), highly polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.381), observed
heterozygosity (0.190) and expected heterozygosity (0.354) were shown. Thirty-five SSR markers showed significant deviation from
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in 324 landraces and all these markers had low null allele frequencies. Analysis with the Unweighted
Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the 324
landraces could be divided into three groups that coincided with the geographical areas, including northern Taiwan, central Taiwan,
and sourthern Taiwan, which account for close relationship between crop distribution and human activities. Agronomical analyses
with a plant height of 80.6 to 155.2 cm, spike length of 7.5 to 28.9 cm and growth periods of between 141 and 178 days had showed
that there was enough variation to create promising lines for breeding programs. This study not only provides a complete foxtail
millet germplasm from Taiwan but also demonstrates that the Taiwanese foxtail millets are very diverse and can be useful for
selective breeding of specific traits and in enhancing the genetic base of breeding programs in the future
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