Lilley, J.M. and Bolger, T.P. and Gifford, R.M.
(2001)
Productivity of Trifolium subterraneum and Phalaris aquatica under warmer, high CO<sub>2</sub> conditions.
New Phytologist, 150 (2).
pp. 371-383.
Abstract
Despite the importance of grass-legume pastoral ecosystems worldwide, there is little known about the impacts of concurrent increase in temperature and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration on their productivity. • Pure and mixed swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum ) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica ) were established under ambient and warmed (+3.4°C) air temperatures, at ambient and 690 µmol mol<sup>-1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in field tunnels in temperate south-eastern Australia. • Over one year, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased clover foliage growth in the monoculture by 19%, and by 31% in the mixture. Warming reduced clover monoculture herbage production at ambient CO<sub>2</sub> by 28% and reduced the growth enhancement by elevated CO<sub>2</sub> to +8%. Forage growth of phalaris monoculture was not affected significantly by either factor. Forage growth of the mixture was increased by 34% in response to higher CO<sub>2</sub> , but unaffected by warming. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> combined with warming increased forage growth of the mixed sward by 23%. • Concurrent rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature increased productivity of subterranean clover-phalaris swards. However, longer term effects on species competition and persistence may modify this conclusion
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