Raun, W.R. and Johnson, G.V. (1999) Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy Journal, 91 (3). pp. 357-363.
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Abstract
Worldwide, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zen mays L.; rice, Oryza sativa L. and 0. glaberrima Steud.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; oat, Avena sativa L.; and rye, Secale cereale L.) is approximately 33%. The unaccounted 67% represents a $15.9 billion annual loss of N fertilizer (assuming fertilizer-soil equilibrium). Loss of fertilizer N results from gaseous plant emission, soil denitrification, surface runoff, volatilization, and leaching. Increased cereal NUE is unlikely, unless a systems approach is implemented that uses varieties with high harvest index, incorporated NHrN fertilizer, application of prescribed rates consistent with in-field variability using sensor-based systems within production fields, low N rates applied at flowering, and forage production systems. Furthermore, increased cereal NUE must accompany increased yields needed to feed a growing world population that has yet to benefit from the promise of N,-fixing cereal crops. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) linked with advanced research programs at universities and research institutes is uniquely positioned to refine fertilizer N use in the world via the extension of improved NUE hybrids and cultivars and management practices in both the developed and developing world.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sorghum, Cereal production,millet |
| Author Affiliation: | Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 |
| Subjects: | Plant Production |
| Divisions: | UNSPECIFIED |
| Depositing User: | Mr T L Gautham |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Feb 2018 06:11 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Feb 2018 06:11 |
| URI: | http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/15338 |
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