Stalker, H.T.
(2017)
Utilizing wild species for peanut improvement.
Crop Science, 57.
pp. 1102-1120.
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Abstract
The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is
an allotetraploid species with a very large and
complex genome. This species is susceptible
to numerous foliar and soil-borne diseases for
which only moderate levels of resistance have
been identified in the germplasm collection,
but several of the 81 wild species are extremely
resistant to many destructive peanut diseases.
Peanut species were grouped into nine sections,
but only taxa in section Arachis will hybridize
with A. hypogaea. Most of these species are
diploid, but two aneuploids and two tetraploids
also exist in the section. The first peanut cultivars
released after interspecific hybridization were
‘Spancross’ and ‘Tamnut 74’ during the 1970s
from a cross between A. hypogaea and its
tetraploid progenitor. However, introgression
of useful genes from diploids has been difficult
due to sterility barriers resulting from genomic
and ploidy differences. To utilize diploids in
section Arachis, direct hybrids have been made
between A. hypogaea and diploid species, the
chromosome number doubled to the hexaploid
level, and then tetraploids recovered with
resistances to nematodes, leaf spots, rust,
and numerous insect pests. ‘Bailey’, a widely
grown Virginia-type peanut, was released from
these materials, and other cultivars are gown in
Asia and South America. Alternatively, hybrids
between diploid A and B genome species have
been made, the chromosome number doubled,
and cultivars released with nematode resistance
derived from Arachis species. Introgression
from Arachis species to A. hypogaea appears
to be in large blocks rather than as single genes,
and new genotyping strategies should enhance
utilization of wild peanut genetic resources.
| Item Type: |
Article
|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism;
QTL, quantitative trait locus; RAPD, random amplified polymorphic
DNA; RFLP, restricted fragment length polymorphism; SNP, singlenucleotide
polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat |
| Author Affiliation: |
Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ.,
Raleigh, NC |
| Subjects: |
Crop Improvement |
| Divisions: |
Groundnut |
| Depositing User: |
Mr T L Gautham
|
| Date Deposited: |
20 Sep 2017 04:27 |
| Last Modified: |
20 Sep 2017 04:28 |
| URI: |
http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/15055 |
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