Smith, J. and Abegaz, A. and Matthews, R. and et al, . (2014) What is the potential for biogas digesters to improve soil fertility and crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa? Biomass and Bioenergy. pp. 1-15.
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Abstract
Three alternative soil amendments of organic wastes are considered: application of untreated animal manures, bioslurry from biogas digestion, composted materials, and biochar produced by pyrolysis cook-stoves. Application of untreated manures provides high input of available nutrients, which results in an initial flush in crop growth. However, risks of losing nutrients are high because manure is usually applied before sowing to avoid reduced yields due to phytotoxicity, resulting in increased losses by leaching or volatilization. Furthermore, the heterogeneous nature of untreated manures results in immobilization of nutrients by carbon-rich materials. A greater amount of nutrients are potentially available to crops from applied bioslurry. Typically 5–10% of the nitrogen is lost during anaerobic digestion, but bioslurry provides immediately available nutrients that can be applied as needed, so reducing risks of nutrient loss. If, however, bioslurry was applied in a single dose, losses would be similar in magnitude to untreated manures. Risks of nutrient losses are also lower when wastes are applied as composts, but in contrast to bioslurry, this is because the concentration of immediately available nutrients is very low, most nutrients being held in organic form that will become available only slowly over the growing season. Composts provide an option for single dose application, but a larger proportion of nitrogen is lost during composting (26–51%) than during anaerobic digestion (5–10%). Losses of nitrogen during pyrolysis are also very high (70–90%), but biochar can reduce losses of native soil nutrients by providing exchange sites that hold nutrients in the soil.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | We are very grateful to the UK Department for International Development (DFID) New and Emerging Technologies Research Call for funding this work. PS is a Royal Society- Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biogas; Soil fertility; Crop production; Sub-Saharan Africa; Anaerobic digestion |
| Author Affiliation: | Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK |
| Subjects: | Plant Production |
| Divisions: | General |
| Depositing User: | Mr Siva Shankar |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Mar 2014 07:52 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Mar 2014 07:52 |
| Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.02.030 |
| URI: | http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/12953 |
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