Aminifar, J. and Mohsen mousavi nik, . and Sirousmehr, A. (2013) Grain yield improvement of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under drought stress conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 6 (12). pp. 819-824.
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Abstract
Groundnut is one of the world’s most important legumes. It is grown primarily for its high quality edible oil and protein. Drought is currently the leading threat on world food supply, limiting crop yield, and is complicated since drought tolerance is a quantitative trait with a complex phenotype affected by the plant developmental stage. Selection for yield has been the major basis for improving groundnut productivity in the world. Therefore understanding physiology of yield is also essential to better target yield increase. The important yield contributing parameters are: pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant, shelling outturn, and 100-seed weight. Understanding physiological and molecular genetics may lead to the understanding of stress response and aid in development of new varieties with stress tolerance. A study of plant physiology has revealed the features of the plant that correlate best with drought tolerance. Recently, physiological traits associated with yield (harvest index, transpiration use efficiency, etc.) are also receiving attention in breeding programs which have necessary infrastructure and resources. In case of crops like groundnut, which are grown in semi-arid tropics (SAT) environment, drought avoidance assumes greater importance. Water use efficiency (WUE) is considered as an important drought avoidance trait, which deals with using soil water more efficiently for biomass production. Raising the WUE of both irrigated and rainfed crop production is an urgent imperative. Drought tolerance through WUE with transpiration efficiency (TE) as an important component of WUE is one of the target traits for groundnut improvement for water limited environments. Increasing research efforts in engineering for production of drought tolerant groundnut crops should be employed by different plant breeding approaches such as Genomic approach, Molecular markers, Gene expression and Proteomic approach. There are certain genes that are expressed at elevated levels when a plant encounters stress, and it is important to understand that tolerance to drought is a complex process, and it is unlikely to be under the control of a single gene. Therefore, it is wise to combine conventional screening efforts, marker assisted selection and genetic engineering to switch on a transcription factor regulating the expression of several genes related to drought tolerance. Which as a consequence of this, several varieties with high yield potential and moderate levels of resistance were bred and released for cultivation world over. The basic advantage in selecting yield as the selection criteria is that it integrates all the additive effects of many underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | breeding tools, drought stress, groundnut, physiological traits, yield |
| Author Affiliation: | Assistant professor, faculty of agronomy and plant breeding, University of Zabol, Iran |
| Subjects: | Plant Production Crop Improvement |
| Divisions: | Groundnut |
| Depositing User: | Mr T L Gautham |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Feb 2014 14:14 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Feb 2014 14:14 |
| URI: | http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/12441 |
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