Hunter, M.D. (2002) Ecological Causes of Pest Outbreaks. In: Encyclopedia of Pest Management. CRC Press, pp. 214-217.
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Abstract
The population size of any organism can change only by four processes; birth, death, immigration, or emigration. It follows that the ecological causes of pest outbreaks must operate through increases in rates of birth, decreases in rates of death, increases in immigration, or decreases in emigration. These processes are not mutually exclusive and the growth of a pest population can arise, for example, because both rates of mortality and rates of emigration decline. Although changes in these four critical rates are central to pest outbreaks, it remains a challenge to untangle the various ecological factors that cause changes in the numbers of pests in space and time. The challenge arises, in part, because so many different ecological forces can impinge upon the population dynamics of organisms. Variation in soil quality, predation pressure, agents of disease, the density of competitors, levels of precipitation, fluctuations in temperature, and the quality of food are just some of the factors that can influence rates of birth, death, and movement.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Author Affiliation: | University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. |
| Subjects: | Plant Protection |
| Divisions: | General |
| Depositing User: | Mr. SanatKumar Behera |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2013 10:44 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2013 10:44 |
| URI: | http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/11430 |
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